* background (a): describes sth that is done before and also in preparation for sth else.
- The book provides
background information on the history of the region.
1. Formal situation (formal & polite level - ㅂ니다):
- 실례합니다. (실례하다)
- 미안합니다. (미안하다)
- 죄송합니다. (죄송하다)
2. 는데요: được dùng thay thế cho 아/어/해요. Nhưng sự khác biệt giữa 2 cách này là gì?
<
reference source:
russ-admin@learn-korean-now.com forum>
* The
-는데요 (to give background) ending has a couple of uses...
-
First off, this suffix can provide
background information. If you're telling someone about something and need to provide a little background information (so that the rest of your sentence or the next sentence makes sense), you can use this suffix
는데요.
-
Second, this suffix is also used in cases where u would want to be
more polite, esp. when disagreeing of refusing something. (Sử dụng
는데요 thì lời từ chối hay lời phủ nhận đỡ bị thẳng thừng, đỡ bị blunt, tức là không nói 'toạc móng heo' hay quá lỗ mãng mà đại thể có thể hiểu đó là một lời từ chối hoặc lời phủ nhận nhẹ nhàng và mềm dẻo.)
* For example, if u say:
- 책이 있어요?,
someone could respond:
- 아니오, 없어요.
which would mean
'No, I don't have a book.', which is a pretty direct statement.
However, they could also respond:
- 없는데요.
which means
'No, I don't have a book (but maybe I could still help you, couldn't I?)'
→ Ta thấy, trong 2 cách trả lời phủ nhận ở trên: Cách 1 đơn thuần là một lời nói
'Không' thẳng thừng & dứt khoát. Còn cách 2 có sử dụng
는데요 thì câu trả lời vẫn mang nghĩa
'Không' nhưng sự phủ nhận trở nên nhẹ nhàng đi rất nhiều. Sắc thái biểu cảm khác biệt phải không nào.
* Or think of
는데요 this way: This suffix leaves the conversation
open to move somewhere else. As u know, u can just respond
'NO' and that's a straight and direct answer - which might make the conversation to an end. But when u use
는데요, it make the conversation open and go on.
* 는데요 is used to explain a situation, or to show contrast or reason. It's also known as a conjunctive ending in Korean language. There are some forms of it: 는데요, ㄴ/은데요, & 인데요. Detail:
• 있다; 없다 → add
는데요. E.g: 없다 → 없는데요.
• action verb → add
는데요. E.g: 오다 → 왔는데요 (past tense); 하다 → 하는데요.
• vowel endings → add
ㄴ데요. E.g: 바쁘다 → 바쁜데요; 이다 → 인데요.
• consonant endings (받침) → add
은데요. E.g:
좋다 → 좋은데요. I have a question: 그렇다?
• noun → add 인데 (!!!)
는데요 is often used in Korean spoken language. The word 요 can be dropped in many cases.
3. 는데(요) is one of the most common endings in spoken Korean:
<source:
koreancandy.com Thanks a million, koreancandy.com!>
- Yes, this is one of the most common sentence endings
in spoken Korean. By using this sentence ending, you imply that you are waiting for a response from the person that you are talking to.
- This originally comes from the combination of
[verb + 그런데].
그런데 means
'but; however' and when combined with the verb of the previous sentence, it becomes the verb ending
-ㄴ/는데(요) and u can add or not add 요 depending on the level of politeness of the sentence.
♦ The matter of translation: We can literally translate the sentence ending
-ㄴ/는데(요) as:
•
“[Subject] + [Verb], but…” or “[Subject] + [Verb], however, ….”
Although we still use it to express the original meaning, in spoken Korean, people use this sentence ending more often in order to show that they want some reaction or response from the other person. And we also often use it as a way to express surprise or to show exclamation.
→ So in English we can translate it as:
• “Well, [Subject] + [Verb]” or “[Subject] + [Verb]… what do you think?”
3.1. Formation:
Verb stem + ㄴ/는데(요):
• 하다 : to do → 하는데요 “Well, I do…”
• 이다 : to be → 인데요 “Well, it is…”
• 예쁘다: to be beautiful → 예쁜데요 “Well, it is beautiful.”
* Thắc mắc: thế sao
koreancandy không đề cập tới đuôi
은데요 nhỉ?, ví dụ
좋다 thì sẽ thêm như nào nhỉ?
* We can use this sentence ending with the past tense, too.
• 하다 → 하였다 → 하였는데요 → 했
는데요
• 이다 → 였다 → 였
는데요
• 예쁘다 → 예뻤다 → 예뻤
는데요
→ Tóm lại, nếu sử dụng ở dạng past tense thì chúng ta add 는데요.
3.2. Example Sentences:
• 지금
이요? 지금 밖에 비 오
는데요? Now? Well, it’s raining now.
• 저 지금 바쁜데요. Well, I’m busy now.
• 어제 했
는데요. I did it yesterday. Why?
• 내일 하려고 하
는데요… Well, I’m thinking about doing it tomorrow… (하려고 하다 = gonna do sth)
• 이거 멋진데(요)!! This is cool!! (Do you think so too?)
4. Practice more with 는데요:
• 했는데요. They did it already. (What do u think?)
• 먹었는데요. They ate it already. (What do u think?)
• 왔는데요. They came already...
5. Wrap it up.
☺: 실례합니다.
☻: 어떻게 오셨어요? (오다 → 오시다 → 오셨어요)
☺: 유리 씨를 만나러 왔
는데요.
☻: 미안하
지만, 유리 씨 자고 있어요. (미안하다 + 지만 → 미안하지만 (But I'm sorry))
6. Practice! Practice!
• 아니다: 아니요; 아뇨
- 아닌데요, 몇번에 거셨어요?
• 전데요 vs. 난데요. It's me.
* 그렇다 → 그래요/ 그렇습니다 (formal)/ 그런데요.
저는 혼동돼요. 
